The Competitive Advantages Of Effective Knowledge Management Commerce Essay

The Competitive Advantages Of Effective Knowledge Management Commerce Essay Today, the future and the value of a company depends on provide the new product and service quickly and timely in order to meet the needs that always change in the market. Thus, I believe that knowledge is the more importance factor than land or capitals to create a competitive advantage for enterprises. And now, this essay will discuss more about the value of managing knowledge and some competitive advantages that can be created through knowledge management in the company. Then, I would like to discuss about the In addition, this essay is also talk about the leadership and managerial skills in the organization by implementing successfully KM. DISCUSSION ABOUT THE KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT: Data, Information, Knowledge: Nowadays, we are living in an age of information that we can find easy through television, internet, magazines etc. But not all information is reliable. Transforming information into knowledge within the organization is an advantage. However, not all managers have able to do it. Thus, the first thing I want to discuss about the difference between data, information and knowledge in order to transform raw data into meaningful information. Data is the raw material. It can be a set of discrete facts and exist in any form such as number, symbols, imaging etc. Data represents unorganized and unprocessed facts. Data is transformed into information by adding value through context, sorting, calculating, analysis and evaluation. Information can be considered as a processed data. Data and information are everywhere but knowledge is hard to get. You need information in order to get knowledge. However, knowledge is not information. Information is only becomes knowledge when you have able to realize and understand specific purpose of it. Knowledge is usually come from learning, thinking or taking experiences in a particular area. Knowledge has two types: Explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge. Explicit knowledge is the visible knowledge. You can find them easily through book, documents, reports, films, magazines, etc. The explicit knowledge is easily transferable. In contrast, tacit knowledge is the knowledge that put in your mind. Simply, tacit knowledge is the personal experience, skills and hard to transferable. For example: Each pastry cook can made Tiramisu cake with different flavors, although all of them use with the same Tiramisu Cake recipe. Some cake are delicious, some cake are bad. Because skilled pastry cook has not shown own experiences in recipe. May be, they can add some special ingredients to make their cakes with good flavorful. This is the tacit knowledge. They did not share their experiences as well as knowledge for everyone. I think this is the importance aspect in the organization. The managers must look for ways to employees can share tacit knowledge together in a particular sector. Tha ts also the objective of knowledge management. Knowledge management: Knowledge Management (KM) can be defined as the logical process that helps people to use knowledge effectively and efficiently. Knowledge management is the process the company uses to measure the value of the intellectual value of each employee in the company. Moreover, it is the process used to evaluate and track key metrics associated with the organization of intellectual property can be used to create better services, products and value to shareholders of the corporation. There are many different knowledge management life cycles. They are made by Wiig (Wiig Knoeldge management cycle 1993), Zack (Zack Knowledge Management Cycle 1996), Nickols (Nickols Knowledge Management Cycle 1999), McElroy (McElroy Knowledge Management Cycle 1999), Rollet (Rollet Knowledge Management Cycle 2003), Bukowitz Williams (BW Knowledge management cycle 20003). Actually, they have some common steps and meaning. However, each cycle has its own characteristic. Look at the table below for comparison. Nickols (1999) Wigg (1993) McElroy (1999) Rollet (2003) Bukowitz Williams (2003) Zack (1996) Acquisition Creation Individual and group learning Planning Get Acquisition Organization Sourcing Knowledge claim validation Creation Use Refinement Specialization Complication Information acquisition Integrating Learn Distribution Store/ access Transformation Knowledge validation Organizing Contribute Presentation Retrieve Dissemination Knowledge Integration Transferring Assess Distribution Application Maintaining Build/ sustain Conservation Value realization Assessing Divest Source: Adapted from Kimiz Dalkir, Knowledge Management in Theory and Practice (Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth, 2005), pp. 27. Competitive advantages: Although there are many different perspectives on knowledge management, however the general objective of knowledge management is look for ways to employees share and learn knowledge as well as experiences together. Thats not only help employees improve the expertise knowledge, but also the knowledge management can create the competitive advantages and enhance value for enterprises. As you know, human resource is the valuable asset in organization. If the organization can use this resource effectively, organization will become very strong. Knowledge management can give all the employees in organization many opportunities to show ideas and innovation. Therefore, organization can have more opportunities and advantages than competitors. The employees can share expertise knowledge, experiences or passion together. Thats also make all of the employees in organization more closer and understand  each other  better In addition, transforming from tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge is not only help improve expertise knowledge of employees, but also help the organization have enough capable of responding promptly to the change in personnel. And now, I would like to give you a reality example as well as an incident by not applying knowledge management in organization.   It occurred in my familys restaurant in three years ago. When my manager intends to open a restaurant of his own, he has left the restaurant. The important thing, he has taken away all the experience, the trade secret and a lot of good employees and the relationships. Then he became a competitor with my restaurant. During that period, my restaurant encountered a lot of trouble and business performance decreased seriously. Another example, at Tam Viet Group in 2007, a vice president has left the company and he established an own company to direct competitive with the Tam Viet. By applying knowledge management, all these knowle dge such as customer relationships, unfinished projects, etc. were acquired and stored by all other employees. Therefore, Tam Vietnamese were not affected. Additionally, Knowledge management can also give to the enterprise with high adaptability in the rapidly changing marketplace. The competitors are always updates their products and services better to meet the demand of customer. Therefore, most of the successful enterprises are always catch information and transfer them rapidly. By applying the knowledge management, the enterprises can easily compete with other competitors. The organization can launch new products with the higher quality than competitors at the same cost. The employees can save time through making decision or solving the problems quickly and exactly. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ON SUPPORTING MANAGERIAL PRACTICES: Similar to those competitive advantages that I mentioned above, knowledge management can help manager so much in practices. Firstly, the employees have a freely environment to performance themselves. The employees can share and learn knowledge, experiences, idea together. Therefore, the manager can collects and exploits tacit knowledge or innovation in order to enhance competitor advantage for the organization. Additionally, KM can help manager make decision timely and exactly by capturing,  analyzing  and  conversing  of information logically. In addition, the manager will have enough response to device with changing of the marketplace as well as the human resources. Leadership and managerial skills: A manager needs to have a good leadership to change products, systems and people efficiency. A good leader must have capacity to accelerate the process to decide a matter and to make process work effectively and quickly. It is a difficult problem. A good manager should have more diverse skills in order to have enough capable of handling all of problems in the organization. The first skill is the information technology (IT) skill. I think this is the key For example: in my first internship at ACB bank, I can get information of customer trading history via CIC.org.vn website. You will save more time for get information of customer. Thats progress of technology. Thats also the reason the manager should have a good IT skill to support the management easier and faster. In the high technology age, a good manager should know to take advantage of technology to support for the management and sharing knowledge in the organization. If so, companies will have more competitive advantages than competitors. In addition, a manager should also build a trust and respect relationship with employees. Listening skill is also important. As a manager, you should build an open structure. I mean that you should gap of discrimination between superiors and subordinates. The subordinate can easily meet and express freely their opinions to you. Listening will help you clearly understand about your staffs in order to make decisions fairer and more accurate. Lets change the last skill that I want to discuss is the communication skill. In my opinion, communication is the most difficult and complicates skill of the manager. According to John Quincy Adams If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader. Its a great statement. A manager has to know create motivation for employees in order to they have enthusiasm and try their best to work. The motivation is not only based on the high salary, but also based on the workplace. A manager can adapts communities of practice (COP) program in the company. COP is considered as a group of people hold together by sharing the knowledge, experiences, ideas or something like that. COP program can provide a place for employees in particular areas or require employees work in team to share methods or tacit knowledge and mutual support. Thus, the employees can improve their knowledge; learn more about the experiences and more closer. Besides that, manager s hould also consider one of the challenges of communication, the different cultures. Especially is the multinational company. this is a new step to the understanding by employing individuals from various backgrounds, cultures and lifestyles. Perceptual, Cultural and language barriers are a challenge to be overcome when a company work in the global orientated environment. It affects team spirit, work efficiency, directly affect the business situation of the company. Moreover, it is the cause of lack of teamwork, morale low. The different culture can affect a company and its success in variety of ways. CONCLUTION: In conclusion, the knowledge management is a new way to develop your company in the future. From the very beginning, the essay discussed some basic concept of the knowledge management for you. As you can see the next part talked about the competitive advantages that the company can take from KM. There are so many, for example: using human resource effectively, transferring from tacit knowledge to deficit knowledge, etc. Moreover, the knowledge management will help the managers in many ways. And, of course, the managers have to learn and develop his/her skills to managing knowledge. There are some basic skills that a manager should have are listening skills, IT skills, etc. In the knowledge economy, knowledge management has more impacts on organizations. Applying knowledge management is considered as a key for success organization. The strong organization always has a good knowledge management. Rà µ rà  ng trong nà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ n kinh tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿ hià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡n Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡i hÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºng tri thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©c, vai trà ² cà ¡Ã‚ »a quà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n là ½ tri thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ © là   và ´ cà ¹ng quan trà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ng. Nà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿u khà ´ng à ½ thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©c Ä‘Æ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £c Ä‘ià ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ u nà  y mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢t cà ¡ch Ä‘Ã ºng Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¯n, nguy cÆ ¡ tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¢n thà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t tri thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©c rà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t dà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ xà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £y ra và   mang là ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡i nhà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯ng thià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t hà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡i khà ³ cà ³ thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™ tà ­nh toà ¡n hà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿t. Tri thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©c cÃ…Â ©ng nhÆ ° nguà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Å"n nhà ¢n là ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ±c là   yà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿u tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ sà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœng cà ²n cho sà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ± tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Å"n tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡i cà ¡Ã‚ »a mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ i tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ chà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©c. Tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t nhià ªn, Ãƒâ€žÃ¢â‚¬Ë œÃƒ ¢y là   mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢t khà ¡i nià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡m cà ²n mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºi nhÆ °ng mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ i tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ chà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©c cà ¡Ã‚ ºn phà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £i chà ¡Ã‚ » Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢ng nghià ªn cà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©u và   và ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ­n dà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¥ng sà ¡ng tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡o. Quà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n là ½ tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœt tri thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©c tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©c là   hià ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™u rà µ Ä‘Æ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £c bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n thà ¢n, bià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿t Ä‘Æ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £c Ä‘ià ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™m mà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡nh và   Ä‘ià ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™m yà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿u cà ¡Ã‚ »a mà ¬nh Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™ tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ « Ä‘Ã ³ Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  ra nhà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯ng bià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡n phà ¡p gà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ·t hà ¡i thà  nh cà ´ng trong nà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ n kinh tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿ tri thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©c.

Plato and Aristotle: a Comparison

Plato and Aristotle are two of the earliest known thinkers in metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics. Although Aristotle was a student of Plato, the two had some very contrasting ideas.MetaphysicsPlato and Aristotle believed in the concept of forms, although they had different definitions of the concept. Plato's take on metaphysics can be labeled as dualism. Plato developed his ideas a priori; he formulated his own explanations of an ideal reality and applied them to the observable world.Reality had two levels for Plato: the level of the observable objects, and the level of forms (the ideal). The observable aspect of the world are but imperfect copies of the forms, and observable objects are impermanent, as opposed to forms, which are eternal. Plato's forms can be understood as blueprints that existed outside of the observable, and on which everything observable depends; thus these forms are more â€Å"real† than the observable. Plato uses analogies for this explanation; in his allegory of the cave, for example, lifetime immobile prisoners see only shadows on a cave wall and think that the shadows are the ultimate reality.Although it cannot be disputed that the shadows are â€Å"real,† it is the objects that are casting the shadows that are, in a sense, the true reality. Aside from the well-known allegory of the cave, Plato used a number of other metaphors to explain his metaphysical views, such as the metaphor of the sun, and the divided line.  Conversely, Aristotle developed his ideas a posteriori—by directly observing the world and then deriving â€Å"formulas† for this observable reality. His primary concern in this area was causality. Aristotle believed in only one level of reality, and he believed that form had no existence outside of physical, observable reality.Aristotle's concern on the relationship of form and matter led to his concepts of causality. He believed that there are four very basic causes that can be applied to anything: the Material cause, or, in Aristtle's words, â€Å"that out of which a thing comes to be, and which persists,† the formal cause, â€Å"the statement of essence† (which states that anything is determined by the definition or archetype), the Efficient cause,   (the primary source of change), and the Final cause, (the end, or the intent of an action).EpistemologyPlato's epistemology holds that all knowledge is innate, which means the process of learning is actually just a recollection of knowledge buried deep in the soul; Plato believed that before birth the soul had a perfect knowledge of everything. This is the basic precept of Plato's Theory of Ideas.  According to Plato, ideas are permanent and absolute. In Plato's view all human actions can be judged through the standard of these concrete and absolute ideas, but Aristotle refutes Plato's theory on the grounds that Plato's arguments are inconclusive—stating that Plato's arguments are not convincin g or lead to contradictory conclusions.Aristotle refutes Plato's claim that Ideas are absolute, perfect entities outside of human experience, but argues that, on the contrary, ideas exist in the mind alone and are simply duplicates or interpretations of things that are experienced. Aristotle claims that all standards are based on things that are first experienced.  Aristotle agreed with Plato's notion that the immaterial (form) and the material (matter) were distinctly separate entities; however, he states that forms (or ideas) exist in the mind and are dependent on the observer, and argues that Plato's theory of ideas goes by the incorrect premise of absolute universal definitions for material, observable things.EthicsPlato's ethics states that â€Å"good† is born of knowledge and â€Å"evil† is born of ignorance (lack of knowledge). Hence Plato argues that the path to a good life is purely intellectual.Plato's   absolutism dictates that there is only one right co urse of action, one that is true in every case and exists independent of human opinion or interpretation.  On the other hand Aristotle adopted a scientific, empirical approach to ethical problems. He believed that in order for human actions to be judged as moral or immoral, they must have a certain degree of health and wealth. Aristotle believed that ethical knowledge is not certain knowledge, like metaphysics and epistemology, but general knowledge.Also, Aristotle argued that the achievement of â€Å"good† must be a practical discipline, as opposed to Plato's heavily theoretical approach. He claimed that to become good cannot be achieved simply by studying virtue, but that one must practice virtue in everyday life. He called the   ultimate goal of this discipline the â€Å"Highest Good.†Ã‚  Also, for Aristotle the achievement of happiness was by application of the â€Å"golden mean†, which just means moderation in everyday life. Aristotle argued that happin ess could not be found only in pleasure, or only in fame and honor. He claims that happiness can be achieved through knowledge of humanity's specific purpose; that is, according to him, â€Å"by ascertaining the specific function of man.†PoliticsIn his political theories, Plato focused on formulating the perfect society by finding ways to cure humanity of its social and personal failures. Plato, in Republic, described the ideal government as having a philosopher-king as its leader, a king with a completely just soul who would thus be able to run a completely just government. Plato also argued that since he can imagine such a leader, than such a leader can exist.  Plato's utopia consists of three non-hereditary classes: Guardians, Auxiliaries, and Workers. The guardians are wise and good rulers and high-level civil servants, the auxiliaries soldiers and lower civil servants, and the workers composed of unskilled laborers.Unlike Plato, Aristotle was not concerned with the per fection of society, but simply its improvement, within what he believed were a more realistic context. Aristotle agreed that Plato's government, with its philosopher-king, would be ideal, but did not believe that such a person could exist, and thus dismissed the possibility that such a government could exist, and considers other systems that he believed are more realistic.  Plato's belief in this philosopher-king reflects his theories of knowledge, which have the a priori approach to reality. On the other hand, Aristotle bases his beliefs on the observable. And claims that since he has never encountered such a completely just man, he must discount that possibility of his existence.Aristotle argues that dividing society into distinct classes excludes men with ambition and wisdom but are not in the right class to hold political power. Another argument against Plato's class system is that guardians will, by nature of their work, be deprived of happiness, and such guardians will natur ally assume that the same strict lifestyle be imposed on all of society. Aristotle valued moderation more, in contrast to Plato's utopia, which carried expectations to such extremes that it was no longer realistic to Aristotle.Aristotle derived a theory of Democracy, where he puts emphasis on the polis, or city-state, which allows political participation by the average citizen. He claimed that â€Å"the people at large should be sovereign rather than the few best.† However, this is contrary to Plato's beliefs, who argues that the public's decisions would be based on mere belief and not fact.  Essentially, we can describe Plato as having been in pursuit of a philosophical, idealized truth, whereas Aristotle was concerned with the more worldly and realistic   concerns of the citizen and the government. Although they had widely divergent views, they had essentially the same goal of a better society.References:Silverman, A. (2003). Plato's Middle Period Metaphysics and Episte mology. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2003 Edition). Retrieved February 24, 2006, from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2003/entries/plato-metaphysics.Cohen, S. M. (2003). Aristotle's Metaphysics. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2003 Edition).Retrieved February 24, 2006, from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2003/entries/aristotle-metaphysics.Frede, D. (2003). Plato's Ethics: An Overview. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2003 Edition). Retrieved February 24, 2006, from  Ã‚   http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2003/entries/plato-ethics.Kraut, R. (2005). Aristotle's Ethics. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2005 Edition). Rerieved February 24, 2006, from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2005/entries/aristotle-ethics.Miller, F. (2002). Aristotle's Political Theory. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2002 Edition). Retrieved February 24, 2006, from   http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2002 /entries/aristotle-politics.Brown, E. (2003). Plato's Ethics and Politics in The Republic. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2003 Edition). Retrieved February 24, 2006, from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2003/entries/plato-ethics-politics.Aristotle. (2006, February). Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved February 24, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle.Plato. (2006, February). Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved February 24, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato.Platonic Epistemology. (2006, February). Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved Ferruary 24, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platonic_epistemology.Falcon, A. (2006). Aristotle on Causality. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2006 Edition). http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2006/entries/aristotle-causality.

Muslim Empires Essay

The Ottoman Turks consisted of Turkic-speaking nomadic people who had spread westward from Central Asia in the ninth, tenth, and eleventh centuries. They were located in the northwestern corner of the peninsula, which allowed them to expand westward and eventually take over empires between the Mediterranean and the Black Seas. The sultan was the supreme authority in both a political and a military sense. Administrative and military power were centralized under the bey, who was only a tribal leader, tribal law was before Muslim law. The Ottoman authorities were Sunni Muslims. The sultan assigned duties to a supreme religious authority, who then maintained a system of schools to educate Muslims. There were some who believed in Sufism or other doctrines, but the government allowed it as long as they were still loyal to the empire. Non-Muslims had to pay a head tax since they were exempt from military service. The Ottoman Empire was divided into four main occupational groups: peasants, artisans, merchants, and pastoral people. Shah Ismail founded the Safavid Dynasty. The Safavids was a mixed society like the Ottoman Empire; majority of the population were Iranian. They used the Shi’ite faith, and Shi’ism was declared the state religion. Like the Ottoman’s sultan, the Safavids had their shahs who would check up on their people. This empire was not as wealthy as the Ottomans and the Mughals. Their greatest area of productivity was in textiles. The founder of the Mughal Dynasty is known as Babur. Ruling of the dynasty was passed down from Babur to his son, Humayun, and then to his grandson, Akbar. As emperor, Akbar didn’t just focus on the views of Muslim but also gave Christian views a chance. He later formed a new type of worship called the Divine Faith, which combined characteristics of different religions. He believed in having a harmonious society, which meant each individual and group would play their assigned role and contribute their part to society. This dynasty was the last of the great traditional Indian dynasties. All three of the empires were Muslim, and they all displayed an impressive capacity to create and run a large empire. The Muslim World was protected by the military and political abilities of these empires. Unlike their European counterparts, these empires continued to thrive.

The Role Of Multinational Corporations ( Mncs ) - 924 Words

The role of multinational corporations (MNCs) in emerging economies is growing, as shown by the growth of foreign direct investment (FDI), which in 2015 stood at $681 billion, up from $671 billion in 2013 (UNCTAD, 2015). Despite the above positive changes, some countries remain marginal areas in global terms. While emerging economies collectively account for 83% of the world s population, they only account for less than 32 % of global gross domestic product (GDP) and FDI (UNDESA, 2015; WB, 2015). Consequently, the extent of economic and social challenges facing some developing countries remains enormous despite decades of MNC investments. One major social problem facing many of the emerging economies is still high levels of human poverty (UNM-MDG, 2015). Some African countries such as Zambia, are faced with the challenge of a large proportion of the population living in abject poverty (Gamu, le Billon, Spiegel, 2015). The challenges prevail despite more than two decades of app lying macroeconomic (basically structural adjustment programs) and microeconomic interventions (specifically through increased availability of microcredit) (Turyahabwa, 2014). According to the UN Millennium Development Goal Report of 2015 (UN-MDG, 2015), about 38% of the poor population in sub-Saharan Africa is chronically poor. At the current pace of development, the region is unlikely to achieve the Millennium Development Goals for poverty reduction within a stipulated time frame: by 2147Show MoreRelatedMultinational Corporations ( Mncs ) Role2182 Words   |  9 PagesThe primary purpose of this essay is to evaluate the Multinational Corporations (MNCs) role in discharging their ethical and philanthropy beyond the statutory requirements and its implications on the reporting system. The globalisation and liberalisation and the technology are the key factors driving the MNCs to go beyond the statutory requirements (Rondinelli, 2002). He argued that the Trans-National Corporations (TNCs) more powerful and equal with the government strength and they can do the philanthropyRead MoreHow Significant a Role Do Multinational Corporations (Mncs) Play in Todays Uk Economy in Terms of Their Impact on Employment Relations (Er) and Labour Conditions?2764 Words   |  12 PagesHow significant a role do multinational corporations (MNCs) play in today’s UK economy in terms of their impact on employment relations (ER) and labour conditions? This is the question the paper attempts to evaluate through drawing on academic literature and empirical evidence from the 2004 Wers survey. The first section profiles MNCs in the UK, currently dominated by US and German firms. Following this, there is a brief analysis of employment relations in the UK. The third section reviews liter atureRead MoreMultinational Company1144 Words   |  5 PagesDefination: Multinational corporations are business entities that operate in more than one country. The typical multinational corporation or MNC normally functions with a headquarters that is based in one country, while other facilities are based in locations in other countries. In some circles, a multinational corporation is referred to as a multinational enterprise or a transnational corporation . The exact model for an MNC may vary slightly. One common model is for the multinational corporation is theRead MoreMultinational Corporations And The Global Economy1256 Words   |  6 PagesAs corporation grows, their business expand into new international territories. Multinational firms represents one of the most prevalent types of firms in the global economy. In comparison to domestic corporations, MNC accounts for about 25% of the world’s product and approximately half of the total world trade (Guillen, n.d.). MNCs are increasingly becoming an important in the global economy and they are three times more common today than 20 years ago. In order to maintain competitiveness, multinationalRead MoreWhat Are the Sources and Limits of Mnc Power1627 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are the sources and limits of MNC power? Multinational Corporations in a Global Economy IR 120 - 201136597 - Catharina Knobloch 1. Introduction As MNCs are getting increasingly important as actors in political bargaining, the purpose of this essay is to provide a (more or less) detailed overview over the sources and limits of the power of multinational corporations (MNCs). In the first section, I am going to lead into this topic by giving some definitions. In addition to that, I amRead MoreMultinational Corporations And Its Impact On Workers Essay916 Words   |  4 PagesMultinational Corporations Affect Workers In the text, International Political Economy, Thomas Oatley and Debates: In Praise of Cheap Labor: Bad Jobs at Bad Wages Are Better than No Jobs at All explain to their readers the different aspects of the political economy. This paper will begin by looking at multinational corporations. Next, the paper will analyze the strengthens and weakness on multinational corporations and its affect on workers. Lastly, the paper will give a personal evaluation on whetherRead MoreRole Of Mncs As A Political Actor1225 Words   |  5 Pageseconomies in the world, 51 are now global corporations, only 49 are countries1.† Furthermore, the united nations’ body estimates that multinationals account for one quarter of the worlds GDP1. While one may not accept GDP as a measure of a nation’s power, it is a prime determinant of its capabilities and limitations as a political actor. The same can be said for MNCs, which have been on the rise since World War II. This discussion focuses on the role of MNCs as a political actor within, between andRead MoreThe Discourse Of The Endemic Grand Corruption1371 Words   |  6 Pagescritical scrutiny of the roles played by the multinational companies (MNCs) in facilitating and sustaining grand corruption. Scholars argue that companies, especially multinationals, are the biggest perpetrators using a sophisticated network of notional companies and corporate structure to facilitate corrupt practices in developing countries. In essence, grand corruption in Nigeria is to a large extent sustained by the involvement and collusion of multinational corporations operating within and outsideRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility And The Employee Stakeholder1160 Words   |  5 Pagesservice sector employment in multinational corporations (www.bradford.ac.uk). The publisher is a trusted global provider of content-enabled solutions to improve outcomes in research, education and professional practice with strengths in every major acade mic, scientific and professional field (www.wiley.com). The purpose of this essay is to provide a critical analysis of Royle’s article. In his research, the author aims to analyze the work environment within the multinational fast-food industry. He usesRead MoreMultinational Corporations Vs. Mncs1417 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Recent advances in information technology, deregulation, and market liberalization worldwide have resulted in the growth of Multinational Corporations. Multinational Corporations or MNCs are growing both in scale and complexity. Today, a MNC can be present in multiple countries, dealing in multiple markets with different currencies, speaking different languages, and adopting to different cultures as they spread their wings across the world. But with growth, they also have to deal with

Team Behavior and Processes - 1467 Words

Team Behavior and Processes There are many important elements that effect how a learning team behaves and the processes that a learning team chooses to complete tasks and reach desired goals. The current learning team has established roles and responsibilities, time management skills, and decision making strategies that allow the team to work up to it s full potential. The learning team has maintained a level of trust and responsibility to one another that must exist in order for the team to remain successful Roles and Responsibilities The roles and responsibilities for a learning team should be identified within the first meeting (Thompson, 2000). When roles and responsibilities are established, it opens up the lines of†¦show more content†¦As mentioned previously, each team member has families, jobs and other outside obligations that take up a great deal of time in their day. These situations do not interfere with the team process because we have established deadlines that allow each member to complete and post assignments to the team newsgroup at different times but before deadline. This means that though we may have different schedules or various times during the day to work on given task, we will all attempt to have all individual tasks complete and ready to post by the agreed upon time. Some team members have the luxury of a personal computer at work. This means that during breaks or various times during the day, if time is management is proper, they can work on assignments for the team while on the job. Of course, not everyone has permission to work on personal tasks while on the job, but for those who do, it is a great advantage as far as time management is concerned. Other team members must wait until they are home to complete team tasks. This means that they must be extra careful when it comes to time management. Working on team tasks at home can be the hardest thing to do, especially for a single parent. There must be a very strict schedule put into place that allows these individuals to take care of their families while fulfilling the obligation for the team; however, if time is managed correctly, this will not pose a big problem. Even the most time conscienceShow MoreRelated Leadership and Groups: FMC Green River Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesSituational Awareness Aberdeen has a great structure for the ability to create quickly various small work teams such as informal groups or self managed work teams that allow the group to focus on improving a specific process. At Aberdeen the small groups gather, choose their own leader, poll together ideas and come up with a solution to specific problem. Once a solution is found the team disbands. Since Aberdeen’s company is smaller and its employees create a family atmosphere, the role relationshipsRead MoreAgile Development And Project Management Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pagestoday’s environment traditional or plan-driven Project Management typically defines project success as delivering â€Å"on time, within budget, and meeting requirements†. In order to meet this definition of success, we have matured project management processes to try and â€Å"manage† what is a natural occurrence: chaos. In the past, the folly of this approach was less apparent, as the speed of change was significantly less. In today’s business environment, it is much more obvious. In traditional projectRead MoreTeam Feedback Seeking Behavior ( Fsb )779 Words   |  4 PagesTeam Feedback-seeking Behavior Feedback-seeking behavior (FSB) refers to individuals’ search for evaluative information about their performance, internal processes and other behaviors for attaining valued goals (Crommelinck Anseel, 2013; De Stobbeleir, Ashford, Buyens, 2011). FSB is one of the proactive behaviors whereby individuals preemptively seek for feedback either by directly asking or indirectly observing cues in the environment to infer from them (Ashford, De Stobbeleir, Nujella, 2016)Read MoreTeamwork1485 Words   |  6 PagesTeamwork There are two ways of spreading light : to be the candle or the mirror that reflects it GOOSE - G is for GOAL The sense of a goose! The sense of a goose! People who are part of a team and share a common direction get there quicker and easier because they are traveling on trust of one another and they support each other all the way. GOOSE - O is for ORGANISED If we have as much sense as a goose we will stay in formation and share information with those who are headed theRead MoreThe Impact of Technology in Developing Effective Teamwork in Organizations1147 Words   |  5 Pagesthe organizational activities and processes. The importance of teamwork in an organization is evident in the fact that the complexity of organizational processes requires individuals and groups to tackle the activities efficiently. However, teamwork in an organization is achieved through proper strategies, mechanisms, and structure that are implemented carefully and efficiently. For instance, effective teamwork requires employees to engage in organizational processes with the commitment from seniorRead MorePhysicians, Change And Toxic Behaviors1730 Words   |  7 PagesPhysicians, change and toxic behaviors Healthcare environments are often plagued with dysfunctional behaviors that create antisocial, self-defeating behaviors (Porter-O’Grady Malloch, 2014). Traditionally, healthcare providers were males that dominated the profession which created a sense of personal entitlement and resistance to change (Porter-O’Grady Malloch, 2014). With the advent of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), healthcare is in the midst of a paradigm shift that embraces change, efficiencyRead MoreThe Role Of Managing A Team And The Organization Essay1581 Words   |  7 Pagesbusinesses over time. There are several approaches that have been created overtime that have been proven to work and not work. It is easy to learn as one goes how to effectively manage a team and create success for the team and the organization. It is important for a manager to learn all aspects of managing a team of professionals and what the best effective way of implementing their skills is to create an environment of hard workers, success, and to retain their employees. According to BusinessDictionaryRead MoreMotivation Concepts1537 Words   |  7 Pagesand persistence of behavior. (Franken, 1994) Motivation is an internal state or condition that activates behavior giving direction towards ones desire or want. The motivational drive is a basic or instinctive need associated in the effort of behavior directed towards a goal-oriented cause. Curiosity is central to motivation for exploratory behavior. Curiosity has been referred as a passion for learning and a motivational drive in approaching a characteristic form of behavior in exploring theRead MorePreparing and Facilitating A Successful Debate Essay1462 Words   |  6 Pagesgroup of people to work together effectively as a team. Team processes and preparation and public speaking skills are both equally important key factors for success in debating as team processes involved in preparation for debate, such as group personality composition tha t creates cohesion and synergy and group norms that enhance the group’s ability to work together, equip the team to work effectively therefore improving performance however if team members are unable to deliver an argument to an audienceRead MoreDifference Between A Team And A Group1173 Words   |  5 PagesIn organizational behavior, theory is concerned with explaining structure processes and the way these integrate with operations such as healthcare organs and other social utilities. Utility refers to the satisfaction that each choice provides to the decision maker. Thus, utility theory assumes that any decision is made on the basis of the utility maximization principle, according to which the best choice is the one that provides the highest utility to the decision maker. 2. Explain difference between

Latino Immigrants And The United States Essay - 1310 Words

Latino immigrants are not often accepted by U.S. citizens and politicians because they are viewed as a threat. The threatening feeling of Latinos stems from the fact that the over fifty million Latinos in the United States make up about 17% of the population, ultimately having a significant influence on the economy. Although Latino immigrants were once openly invited into the United States, in today’s society they are a common target of immigration laws and U.S. politicians, which causes feelings of displacement and not being wanted as residents of the United States. The immigration process as well as stereotypical judgement often leads to mental health issues, delinquency, depression, and overall health issues. In 1942, following the Great Depression and World War II, the United States was seeking laborers to fill jobs in agriculture and on railways. A treaty known as the Mexican Farm Labor Program Agreement was signed between the United States and Mexico and the Bracero Prog ram began. The positions were filled with recruited Latinos and Hispanics. The workers were allowed in the United States for limited periods of time to complete the needed work. According to Bracero Archives, about 4.6 million Hispanics and Latinos were brought into the United States as Braceros. Because Americans simply viewed the Braceros as workers, unjust treatment resulted. Braceros were faced with low wages abuse, and discrimination. In 1954, around the time most of the Bracero’s contracts wereShow MoreRelatedLatino Immigrants And The United States2149 Words   |  9 Pages economic hardship, and food shortages, many Latinos depart their native country to escape those conditions. For a number of those Latinos, their goal is the United States (US) as their final destination. According to the 2010 US Census, the Latino population in Orleans Parish in New Orleans grew from 14,826 to 18,051 in a period of fewer than ten years. The number shows a significant increase, yet it does not account the number of Latino immigrants that avoided to be counted due to their undocumentedRead MoreThe Latino Journey in the United States: Immigrants Essay1693 Words   |  7 Pages A diverse minority group of Latino and Spanish-speaking peoples has played an important part of what it means to be American and what it means to be a citizen in the United States today. Moving into the future, in order to analyze the trajectory that this group is in, we must first understand the group’s history in the United States and in territories that would become the United States. In addition, we must look at the origins of the most recent wave of Latino immigration in order to understandRead MoreEthnic Minorities And The United States1712 Words   |  7 Pagesminorities’ immigrants has transformed the demographics of the United States in recent decades. The 2010 U.S. Census Bureau reports that almost 37.3 % of our population (approximately 308.7 million) is made up of ethnic minorities (e.g. Latino/as, African Americans, Asians, and American Indian/ Alaska Native). When compared to other ethnic groups, Latinos/as have showed an increase of about 43 % in the l ast 10 years; becoming one of the fastest growing populations in the United States (Census BureauRead MoreImmigration And The United States1139 Words   |  5 Pagesin the United States. In its simplest form, the term immigration is defined by Oxford Dictionaries as the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country. For centuries, people from around the world have immigrated to America for many reasons, such as political freedom, religious freedom, refuge and economic opportunity. They leave their countries and travel to America to find opportunities that they were not able to find in their country of origin. A large amount of immigrants residingRead MoreUndocumented Immigrants Face Of The U.s. Is Unemployment And Economical Disparities1443 Words   |  6 Pagesundocumented immigrants face in the U.S. is unemployment and economical disparities. It is important to focus on the challenges Latino immigrants encounter in the workforce. Immigrants do not account for the maj ority of Latino workers in the United States. Since the recession the economy has not restored all the jobs that were lost. Jobs being added are hardly keeping ahead the other supply of workers. Most of the jobs recovered are being occupied by U.S. born workers. According to the article Latino JobsRead MoreUrban Space For The Latin Americans Immigrants Essay1686 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States of America immigration policies exercised several measures in an effort to confine urban space for the Latin Americans immigrants in Atlanta. These efforts include restriction to access social space by the federal immigration officials, which limited their ability to build and sustain social and community life. The Department of Homeland Security effectively expelled undocumented immigrants from obtaining driving licenses, this made it hard for them to travel to job places, healthRead MoreImmigration Into The United States Essay1481 Words   |  6 PagesImmigration into the United St ates has been a major demographic factor that has always been an issue of concerned. This is because the immigration in the United States has always been a major factor in the influence of the country’s population growth. The United States experienced major immigration during the 19th century. Many people came from major parts of the world to America in search of the better economic opportunities while others came in search for better religious purposes and practicesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Tattooed Soldier Essay926 Words   |  4 Pages Transcultural Immigrants’ experience can be described as being transcultural, meaning their experiences from their country (including cultural signifiers) are translated or transported to the new country they live in. During the transcultural experience, people can be changed by the new culture, and they also bring some their own traditional culture to the new environment. In 1990s, a lot of Latinos leave their countries to come to the United States because of the civil war. Hector Tobar’s bookRead MoreThe United States Of America1254 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States of America has long been a country formed not by indigenous people, but by immigrants from all around the world. Immigrants that have helped shape the United States into the place many of us call home. A home that many individuals considered the land of the free due to the freedom of speech, religion, and press that our foreign founders have bestowed onto us. A home that consist of unjustified hate toward the La tino immigrants. Latinos have been backlashed by the U.S first by racistRead MoreAmerican Culture And Its Impact On American Society1599 Words   |  7 Pagesgrowing. It is the country’s largest ethnic minority group. When Hispanics enter into the American mainstream, their main assimilation obstacle is acquiring the English language. Their native language is Spanish, so when they come to the United states they are are faced with many struggles as to finding jobs in which would allow them to only speak Spanish. They would have to learn the American language in order to succeed and communicate with others who only speak English. Once they have learned

Change Management-in Bega Cheese-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Change Management Implemented in Bega Cheese. Answer: Introduction In the present business scenario, adjusting with the rapid change in the market is posing a huge challenge for the business organizations. Moreover, there are various types of threats such as counterfeiting which is adversely affecting the business revenue of the organizations. Thus, to counter all these issues, contemporary business organizations came up with the idea of change management. Change management is the concept of implementing various strategies in the organizations which helps to adjust with the originated issue (Hayes 2014). Organizations have to come up with various change management policies in different time to counter the identified issues. Bega cheese is an Australian dairy products manufacturer which is one of the leading players in the dairy sector (Bega Cheese 2017). In the recent times, they also faced some organizational issues, based on which they are implementing change management in their organization. This report will discuss about the change management being implemented in Bega cheese and with their implications. Various aspects of the implemented change management policies will also be discussed using different theoretical models. Recommendations will also be given according to the findings which will help to further effective implementation of the change management. Analysis of external environment External environment of Bega cheese will be analyzed with the help of PEST analysis. It will help to determine the issues or gaps which can be countered with the implementation of change management. It will help to determine the external forces of change management for Bega cheese. PEST analysis Political: Bega cheese mainly operates in the Australian market which is a politically stable country. However, the higher tax rate for the cheese posing a challenge for them in regulating the cost. Taxation rate will also have an adverse affect in the production of the cheese and other dairy items (Auerbach and Gorodnichenko 2012). Economic: The inflation rate in Australia is on the lower side and this is an opportunity for them to increase their sales chart. However, they are facing issues from the Chinese counterfeited products which are eating way their market share (Degardin, Roggo and Margot 2014). Moreover, the counterfeited products also lack nutritional value as the originals. Social: People are becoming more health conscious and it is a huge opportunity for the dairy products to increase the market sales (Regulations 2013). However, in the case of Bega cheese, the counterfeited products in the market are having negative impact on the perception of the consumers. Technology: Bega cheese involves the most advanced technologies in their production process. However, newer and secured technologies are required in filtering out the counterfeited products. The container tins should be designed in such a way that is will be difficult for the counterfeiters to copy (Robertson 2016). Thus, from the above analysis, it is being found that counterfeiting is one of the key issues that they are facing currently. They should have to implement a change management policy to prevent this identified issue. Another issue that can be identified from the external analysis is the associated risk with their single line of products. It is been seen that higher rate of taxation is already affecting their sales of cheese. Thus, change management should be implemented for this issue also. Diagnosis of the organizational behavior To analyze the organizational behavior of Bega cheese, McKinseys 7s model and Kotters integrative model of organizational dynamics will be used (Singh 2013). These models will help to determine the strategy, organizational structure, systems and other related aspects of Bega cheese. Kotters integrative model of organizational dynamics External environment: As discussed earlier, external environment for Bega cheese is more or less favorable for their operations in the Australian market (Chatterjee, Sherwin and Jain 2013). Moreover, the implementation of the newer technologies to counter the counterfeited products will help to have positive impact on their business. Employees: Staffing in Bega cheese is being done according to the requirement (Kerzner 2013). In the case of implementing new coding process, employees are being selected according to the skill required in the project. Financial and technological asset or infrastructure of Bega cheese is well enough to withstand with the uncertainties in the change management. Formal structure: Organizational structure of Bega cheese is quite favorable and engaging for the employees. The job of the respective employees is being designed according to their skills and qualification (Wood 2012). This help them in increasing the level of the productivity of the employees and they are more motivated with their respective job roles. Social system: The external organizational culture is favorable except the fact that more customers are having negative impression due to the presence of the counterfeited products. On the other hand, the internal organizational culture is much participative and engaging. Effective communication channel are being maintained in their internal organizational culture (Kasper and Kelleman 2014). Objectives and strategies: The strategy implemented in the organizational process of Bega cheese is being well aligned with their objectives. The main objective of Bega cheese is to provide the various dairy products especially the cheese in different forms and different utilities (Regulations, 2013). Being the market and industry leader in this sector is also one of the key objectives of them. Currently the change management strategies they have initiated to implement in their organization to counter the identified issues. McKinseys 7s model Strategy: The key competitive advantage for Bega cheese is their heritage which is being easily recognizable to majority of the consumers. Moreover, the market establishment and brand identity that they have gathered are being used consciously in driving the sales (Da Silveira, Lages and Simoes 2013). To take over the competition and meeting the varied customer needs, they introduce their products in different prices and sizes which is more convenient for the consumers. Thus, in the case of diversification, this strategy will comes handy in entering in new sectors with having more diversified product portfolio. Structure: The organizational structure of Bega cheese is being designed in most sustainable manner (Ashkenas et al. 2015). They constitute of board of directors of total nine directors. Independent director is also there in maintaining the transparency. The key departments are being divided in marketing, operations, human resources and production. All the departments are having responsible department heads under which the subordinates are working. Systems: Organizational systems of Bega cheese is much employee concentrated. To take care of the issue of the employees, they have initiated an employee feedback mechanism to gather the opinion from the employees (Asumeng 2013). According to the suggestions being gathered from the employees, necessary initiatives are being implemented. This helps in maintaining the effective working environment in the organization which eventually helps in enhancing the satisfaction level of the employees. Shared values: The organizational principles of Bega Cheese stand on fairness, transparency and honesty. Their core values cover all the stakeholders in the organization. The products being provided to the customers are also based on these principles. Moreover, the leadership roles in the organization play an important role in maintaining the organizational culture. Styles: Leadership role in Bega cheese is the main reason behind the high engagement level of the employees (Asumeng 2013). The top brass in the board of directors are being accessible to all the employees in case of any issue. Thus, the leadership styles in their internal management are much participative in nature. The core values and principles are being transmitted from the upper level management. Team work is also being given much importance in the organizational practice of Bega cheese. Environment for healthy competition are there in the organization which helps in increasing the productivity of the employees. Staff: Staffing process in Bega cheese is diversified and on the basis of merit of the employees (Kerzner 2013). They represents diversified work force in the organization. However, as they are now entering in different sectors for elderly and diabetic people, there is a need or requirement for new employees who will have experience in determining the requirement of these sectors. Skills: As earlier discussed, Bega cheese comprise of employees having different background and skills. Being a huge organization, Bega cheese requires employees for their sales, marketing, operation, manufacturing and quality control. Thus, various and diversified skills are being represented in the internal organization (Rosenberg, Heimler and Morote 2012). Currently, they are known for manufacturing cheese having higher nutritional values and offering them in various sizes. The existing employees in the organization are doing their job effectively, but with the entry in the new sectors, it is of great need that more employees having experience in other sectors should be inducted. Performance appraisal is being promoted by the management in order to monitor the performance of the employees and implementing suitable change accordingly. Interventions The study discusses the change management system of Bega Cheese, which is a dairy firm, operating in Australian Supermarket. The emerging competition in Australian market is quite challenging for the retail sectors (Cameron and Green 2015). It is notable that the company previously was concentrating on producing the dairy products for the children. Currently, the company is focusing on extending the target customer base by producing the dairy products for the elderly people as well. Currently, the Australian citizens have been looking forward to consume the healthier foods that can be helpful in reducing the diabetes or other similar health issues. The company is thus majorly focusing on producing such dairy products that can be useful for these people in reducing their diabetic tendency. On the other hand, the second change is implemented to increase the security parameter. The container provided for the baby food is sometimes unable to detect the original product. The intervention related to such change system will be analyzed by defining the relevant typologies in the further section of the study. Intervention 1: Product Diversification Strategy Product diversification is the part of the change management system that helps an organisation to strengthen the competitive edge. Bega Cheese has undertaken the product diversification strategy to extend the target customer base by introducing various products. This product diversification strategy falls under the typology 2 of intervention process. The second typology of intervention is mainly focusing on the development of the interpersonal relationships by establishing the communication transparency (Michie, Atkins and West 2014). Maintaining coordination with the existing employees would be much helpful in structuring the operational functions during the change management process. The intervention typology 2 is also concerned with the strategic formulation and implementation aspects by considering the people management practices. The human resource management of Bega Cheese needs to re-organize the management process to arrange the work activities and schedule the business opera tions for implementing change (Hornstein 2015). It is necessary to provide the proper training and development to the workforce who is involved in product manufacturing process. Moreover, the sales and executive team of Bega Cheese needs to gather the sufficient knowledge regarding the specifications of the new products. It will be fruitful for the company to approach the target customers by resolving their queries related to product concerns. It has been observed that the elderly people often suffer from diabetes if they do not maintain the proper diet. Especially while consuming the dairy products; it is necessary for them to maintain the sugar level for preventing the tendency of diabetes mellitus. Hence, introducing the product variations for targeting such customers would be much beneficial for the company to extend the customer base. It is to be indicated that the strategic issues can influence the change management system in a recognizable way. The involvement of the strategic planning by the human resource management would be much helpful in mitigating the risks associated with the change management system (Matos Marques Simoes and Esposito 2014). It is important to mention that the company needs to consider the expectation level of the target customers while bringing changes on the product varieties. Accordingly, it will be beneficial in understanding the systematic approaches to structure the organisational functionalities as per the change initiatives. Intervention 2: Mitigating the risks with the counterfeited products It has been observed that the containers of the food products are at times imitated by the Chinese manufactures. Therefore, while the customers are purchasing the products from the market, they are unable to identify the original products. Eventually, they face the issues with the quality of the products delivered by the company. After recognizing such issues, the company has undertaken the initiative to apply the new coding system for creating the unique form of containers, which will be easily identified in terms of authenticity (Lines et al. 2015). The unique coding system would be available to identify the originality of the products. Hence, the quality would not be compromised and the original purpose will be served to the potential customers. The initiative is quite effective for the company to prevent the fraudulent activities and provide high quality products to the potential customers. This initiative of implementing the unique coding system falls under the intervention typology 1. As per the specification of the typology 1, the scientific principles are needed to be applied to resolve the specific problems. In time of product packaging, it is necessary to identify the proper coding system that cannot be imitated by the Chinese manufactures. The specific coding system would help in preparing such unique technicality to maintain the originality and mitigating the risks with the low quality products (Lin and Wu 2014). Another specification of this typology is the team collaboration to achieve the goals. If the workforce is involved in accomplishing a similar purpose, the changes will be much effective for the company. Furthermore, this typology specifies that the experts need to be involved in order to resolve the concerns related to the respective problems. The company can involve the technological engineer to help in the coding system to prevent the counterfeited p roducts. The involvement of the experts will be effective enough in resolving the system-wide problems as a whole (Wilson and Sullivan 2016). In addition to this, the human resource management needs to pay the extensive attention towards the team coordination in resolving the problems with the quality parameter. If the team members can work cohesively for a similar purpose, it will be easier for the team to maintain the proper coordination. The maintenance of the quality parameter is one kind of assurance for the brand identity (DiMase et al. 2016). The effective quality and the unique code in packaging process will ensure the brand identity of the product or service. The management of Bega Cheese thus needs to focus on such concerns in order to mitigate the issues. This initiative would help in preventing the Chinese manufacturer to produce the duplicate tin container that contains the low quality dairy product. The maintenance of the sequential steps and functions would be ensured to implement the change management system under such typology of intervention. Recommendations Intervention: 1 Diversification as strategy helps in dividing the business portfolio in various sectors with catering to more number of customers (Johnson 2017). However, for effective implementation of the diversification strategy, the key aspect that needs to be considered is the holistic analysis of the sectors where they are entering. This is due to the reason that without having proper knowledge about the trend of the business in those sectors, it will be a risk factor for Bega cheese to enter. Moreover, another aspect that also needs to be looked after is the recruiting and selecting the employees who will be suitable to work and have experience in the new sectors. The implementation process of the diversification strategy should be well communicated to all stakeholders who are having interest in the change management (Kasper and Kellerman 2014). It will help in more effective implementation for the project. All the employees should understand the need and requirement of the change being implemented. It will help to increase the effectiveness of the project as because the employees will have the clear idea about the project and thus they can accomplish their job accordingly. In addition, the change management should involve right and suitable change agents according to the requirement for effective implementation. Agents for the change management should be selected according to the required skills. Change management will only be a successful venture if they are sustainable enough to withstand the business challenges. To enhance the sustainability of the implemented change, employees and change agents should be given time. It is due to the fact that, it takes time for the overall implementation of the change in the organization. Thus, short term planning regarding the change management will hamper the effectiveness of the project. Continuous process of evaluating the implemented change in the organization will help to identify the issue being generated and overcome it accordingly. Feedback mechanism should be initiated among the change agents to gather information regarding the effectiveness of the change. Intervention: 2 Initiating the new coding process to create unique formula tins will help to distinguish it from the counterfeited products. However, one aspect that needs to be considered is periodic change in the coding process. It is due to the reason that counterfeiters will be able to counterfeit the newly implemented coding process if it is being continued for a long process. Thus, the coding process should be changed with every certain time period. Moreover, if it is been seen that the newly implemented coding process is proving ineffective then the coding process should be entirely changed and new safety features other than the coding should be implemented. Coding features should be implemented according to the latest and most secured technologies which will be difficult to imitate. Moreover, implementation of coding system involves specialized personnel. Thus, selection of the agents should be done accordingly. Implementation of the coding system should be first conducted on a particular line of product. It will act as a pilot project. Based on the effectiveness of the pilot project, the overall implementation of the coding system should be done. It will reduce the associated risk with the change management. The sustainability of the coding process is entirely depends on its immunity towards imitation. Thus, to enhance the sustainability of the change management, the coding system should be full proof and be modified with every certain time period. Conclusion Having analyzed the various aspects of the change management being implemented in the internal organization of Bega cheese, it can be concluded that they have effectively initiated the change strategies. The main issues being identified is the counterfeiting of their products and more concentration on a single product line. Accordingly they have implemented diversification and new coding process to counter these issues. Different models are being used to determine the organizational structure and policies of Bega cheese. Necessary recommendations are being given to further enhance the effectiveness of the change being implemented. References Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T. and Kerr, S., 2015.The boundaryless organization: Breaking the chains of organizational structure. John Wiley Sons. Asumeng, M., 2013. The effect of employee feedback-seeking on job performance: An empirical study.International Journal of Management,30(1), p.373. Auerbach, A.J. and Gorodnichenko, Y., 2012. Measuring the output responses to fiscal policy.American Economic Journal: Economic Policy,4(2), pp.1-27. Bega Cheese. (2017).Home - Bega Cheese. [online] Available at: https://www.begacheese.com.au/ [Accessed 30 Jul. 2017]. Cameron, E. and Green, M., 2015.Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Chatterjee, K., Sherwin, H. and Jain, J., 2013. Triggers for changes in cycling: the role of life events and modifications to the external environment.Journal of Transport Geography,30, pp.183-193. Da Silveira, C., Lages, C. and Simes, C., 2013. Reconceptualizing brand identity in a dynamic environment.Journal of Business Research,66(1), pp.28-36. Dgardin, K., Roggo, Y. and Margot, P., 2014. Understanding and fighting the medicine counterfeit market.Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis,87, pp.167-175. DiMase, D., Collier, Z.A., Carlson, J., Gray, R.B. and Linkov, I., 2016. Traceability and risk analysis strategies for addressing counterfeit electronics in supply chains for complex systems.Risk Analysis,36(10), pp.1834-1843. Hayes, J., 2014.The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Hornstein, H.A., 2015. The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), pp.291-298. Johnson, G., 2017.Exploring strategy: text and cases. Pearson. Kasper, G. and Kellerman, E., 2014.Communication strategies: Psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives. Routledge. Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Lin, Y. and Wu, L.Y., 2014. Exploring the role of dynamic capabilities in firm performance under the resource-based view framework.Journal of business research,67(3), pp.407-413. Lines, B.C., Sullivan, K.T., Smithwick, J.B. and Mischung, J., 2015. Overcoming resistance to change in engineering and construction: Change management factors for owner organizations.International Journal of Project Management,33(5), pp.1170-1179. Matos Marques Simoes, P. and Esposito, M., 2014. Improving change management: How communication nature influences resistance to change.Journal of Management Development,33(4), pp.324-341. Michie, S., Atkins, L. and West, R., 2014. The behaviour change wheel: a guide to designing interventions.Needed: physician leaders,26. Regulations, P., 2013. Australian Dairy Industry. Robertson, G.L., 2016.Food packaging: principles and practice. CRC press. Rosenberg, S., Heimler, R. and Morote, E.S., 2012. Basic employability skills: a triangular design approach.Education+ Training,54(1), pp.7-20. Singh, A., 2013. A study of role of McKinsey's 7S framework in achieving organizational excellence.Organization Development Journal,31(3), p.39. Wilson, J.M. and Sullivan, B.A., 2016. Brand owner approaches to assessing the risk of product counterfeiting.Journal of Brand Management,23(3), pp.327-344. Wood, S., Van Veldhoven, M., Croon, M. and de Menezes, L.M., 2012. Enriched job design, high involvement management and organizational performance: The mediating roles of job satisfaction and well-being.Human relations,65(4), pp.419-445.