Lord of the Flies by Sir William Golding Free Essays

Lord of the Flies was the first novel published by Sir William Golding. Although Golding had published an anthology of poems nearly two decades before writing Lord of the Flies, this novel was his first extensive narrative work and is informed by his scientific training an academic background. In many ways Lord of the Flies is a hypothetical treatment of particular scientific concerns. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies by Sir William Golding or any similar topic only for you Order Now It places a group of young English boys on a deserted island where they must develop their own society, in essence constructing a sociological experiment in which these boys must develop without any societal influences to shape them. In fact the beginning chapters of the novel parallel assumptions about human evolution, as the characters â€Å"discover† fire and form levels of political authority. However, what concerns Golding in Lord of the Flies is the nature of evil as demonstrated by the boys on the island. He concludes that the evil actions that the boys commit are inherent in human nature and can only be controlled by societal mores and rationality, as exemplified by the characters Piggy and Ralph. Although the novel does not adhere to themes particular to one religious tradition, in Lord of the Flies Golding draws upon a great deal of religious symbolism updated to conform to more contemporary ideas of human psychology. The title character,’ the pig’s head that Simon dubs the â€Å"lord of the flies† is a translation of the Hebrew word Ba’alzevuv, or its Greek equivalent Beelzebub. For Golding, this devil comes from within the human psyche rather than acting as an external force, as implied by Judeo-Christian teachings. Golding employs this religious reference in more Freudian terms. The devil that is the â€Å"lord of the flies† represents the Freudian conception of the Id, the driving amoral force that works solely to ensure its own survival. The â€Å"lord of the flies† directly confronts the most spiritually motivated character of the novel, Simon, who functions as a prophet-martyr for the other boys. Lord of the Flies is firmly rooted in the sociopolitical concerns of its era. Published during the first decade of the Cold War, the novel contains obvious parallels to the struggle between liberal democracy and totalitarianism. Ralph represents the liberal tradition, while Jack, before he succumbs to total anarchism, can be interpreted as representing military dictatorship. In its structure as an adventure the novel further resembles the science-fiction genre that reemerged as a popular form of literature during the fifties. Symbolism played an important part in the development of story. This narrative technique is used to give significance to certain people or objects, which represent some other figure. Piggy and glasses represents clear-sightedness, intelligence. Their state represents the status of social order. Ralph, the Conch represents democracy and order. Simon represents pure goodness or Christ figure. Roger represents evils or Satan. Jack represents savagery and anarchy. The island represents the world where people live. The scar represents man’s destruction or destructive forces. The beast represents the evil residing within everyone or   the dark side of human nature. The Lord of the Flies represents the Devil and great danger or evil. There are many other aspects in the story that may be considered symbolism, but the several that I mentioned are probably the most significant. Another good example of symbolism is the shape of the island. The boat shape of the island is an ancient symbol of civilization. The water current around the island seems to be â€Å"flowing backwards,† giving the subtle impression that civilization may be going backwards for the island or its inhabitants. William Golding presented numerous themes and basic ideas that give the reader something to think about. One of the most basic and obvious themes is that society holds everyone together, and without these conditions, our ideals, values, and the basics of right and wrong are lost. Without society’s rigid rules, anarchy and savagery can come to light. Golding is also showing that morals come directly from our surroundings, and if there is no civilization around us, we will lose these values. Other characteristics of human beings that he showed in the book are that people will abuse power when it’s not earned. When given a chance, people often take advantage or degrade others to improve their own security. The author also showed that you can only cover up inner savagery so long before it breaks out, given the right situation. Just like what happened to Jack. He also showed in the book that it’s better to examine the consequences of a decision before you make it than to discover them afterward. Another theme in the book that I have observed is that the fear of the unknown can be a powerful force, which can turn you to either insight or hysteria. Just like what happened when they fear the unknown figure that they saw in the island which led them to murder Simon. I agree with the author’s theories on the basic nature of human beings. Without the values or morals being taught in our society and the basic knowledge of good and evil people will have a tendency to become savage or evil because it is part of the human nature. It goes back to the fall of the first man named Adam. After the fall, sin became a part of the human nature. Without the teachings of good values and morals, savagery will manifest in people.    How to cite Lord of the Flies by Sir William Golding, Essay examples

Basic Concept In Information Technology †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Basic Concept In Information Technology. Answer: Introduction This report is all about an app which runs on GPS (Global Positioning System) and aims in providing complete map of Adelaide which will help the user in getting the details of name of various street and location where the festivals are going on (Tracy, 2012). It keeps the details of the ongoing festivals in Adelaide. In this report a prototype of an app is made which will guide a user to all the ongoing festivals in Adelaide (Charland and Leroux, 2012). This app will provide the schedule of all the transports that are available in Adelaide and it also aim in providing transport time and stopping type of the vehicle. There is certain recommendation for this app which has been described in details. Discussion Requirements There are generally four requirements for this application that are user location, android platform, GPS and lastly stable mobile connection. User location: User location is very important in achieving the detail location of user which can easily guide him to a specific location (McWherter, and Gowell, 2012). It helps the user in getting the shortest distance between his current location and final location or destination. Android platform: Android platform is very essential for running this application. Developers may develop this application on android platform as it is a globally recognized application. GPS: It mainly uses GPS (Global Positioning System) for proper functioning. GPS aims in providing the user with full access to of his or her location with respect to surrounding. This application will make use of different location related to the application and provides him the opportunity to move. Stable mobile connection: This factor is considered to be a key element which is necessary for proper working various application (Nayebi, Desharnais and Abran, 2012). Because of the option of mobility various user can make use of all the available resources like buses, cabs and trams for reaching its destination that are the various ongoing festival. Design The proposed prototype will be helpful for the users to find out the festivals that are happening in their nearby area (Corral, Sillitti and Succi, 2012). Here the prototype shows the user can search any festival typing its name or finding the area in which he/she at that point. In this prototype the user can choose the date on which they want to attend the festival as well as can see the popularity of the festival depending on the reviews on the other viewers rating. In this prototype the user can select the type of the festival they want to visit and preview the images and the main characteristics of the festival. The App will also allow the users to rate the festival they have visited and also comment on the experience they have in the festival which will be shared if they on their social networking site. Benefits There are mainly four benefits of using this application that are creating an awareness among the users, provides in details activities of the ongoing festivals in Adelaide (Wasserman, 2016). This application can be helpful in providing an easy navigation to the various user to ongoing festivals in Adelaide Recommendation There are generally three recommendations for this application that are platform, shortest distance between two points, Orientation. Platform: At present the application is only available for android user as android is used a large number of user globally. Android is considered to be one biggest mobile platform for various application (Holla and Katti, 2012). In future this application should made in such a way that it can run efficient in various platforms like IOS, Blackberry, Windows and many others. Shortest distance between two points: This application can be beneficial in calculating the distance between point and finding out the shortest route that is available for the user (Holzinger, Treitler, and Slany, 2012). This application will guide the user in such a way that he or she can easily reach his/ her friend within minimum time. Orientation: At present the application is only available in Landscape mode but in the near future developers can develop this application in portrait mode which can easily run in various devices and its interface will remain unaffected due to change from one device to another. Conclusion From the above discussion it can be concluded that this report is all about an application which runs on GPS (Global positioning system). This application generally focuses in providing the complete map of Adelaide which can help the user in achieving the details of various things like name of street and location of the various festival that are taking place in this city of Australia that is Adelaide. The following report is all about a porotype to of an application which can guide the user about the various ongoing festival in Adelaide. This application contains all the schedule of transport which is available in this city. This application aims in providing transport time and stopping type various mode of transport like buses, cars and many others. Certain recommendation like platform, calculation of shortest distance and orientation has been discussed in brief. References Charland, A. and Leroux, B., 2017. Mobile application development: web vs. native.Communications of the ACM,54(5), pp.49-53. Corral, L., Sillitti, A. and Succi, G., 2012. Mobile multiplatform development: An experiment for performance analysis.Procedia Computer Science,10, pp.736-743. Holla, S. and Katti, M.M., 2012. Android based mobile application development and its security.International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology,3(3), pp.486-490. Holzinger, A., Treitler, P. and Slany, W., 2012. Making apps useable on multiple different mobile platforms: On interoperability for business application development on smartphones.Multidisciplinary research and practice for information systems, pp.176-189. McWherter, J. and Gowell, S., 2012.Professional mobile application development. John Wiley Sons. Nayebi, F., Desharnais, J.M. and Abran, A., 2012, April. The state of the art of mobile application usability evaluation. InElectrical Computer Engineering (CCECE), 2012 25th IEEE Canadian Conference on(pp. 1-4). IEEE. Tracy, K.W., 2012. Mobile application development experiences on Apples iOS and Android OS.Ieee Potentials,31(4), pp.30-34. Wasserman, A.I., 2016, November. Software engineering issues for mobile application development. InProceedings of the FSE/SDP workshop on Future of software engineering research(pp. 397-400). ACM.

The Pearl Music Essays - The Pearl, John Steinbeck, Kino

The Pearl: Music Music is known to be a quality in which one possesses toproduce harmony, or to make others pleasant through messages.Authors use descriptive writing to set the atmosphere in manystories. In the short story, "The Pearl", John Steinbeck usesdifferent types of music to introduce, and set the atmosphere ofthe story. In this, music is used to introduce evil, to showfamily lifestyle, and to show significance of the pearl. John Steinbeck shows evil's intrusion into Kino's family bymeans of music. Evil is introduced into many scenes, by itsshadows and music. Kino, being the main character, is usuallyfirst to hear it. "Kino stepped to the doorway and looked out...The thin dog cameto him, and threshed itself in greeting like a wind?blown flag,and Kino looked down at it and didn't see it. He had brokenthrough the horizons into a cold and lonely outside. He feltalone and unprotected, and scraping crickets and shrilling treefrogs and croaking toads seemed to be carrying the melody ofevil." Here Kino, hears the evil music carried out through the eyesof nature. The baby, Coyotito, is still, and quiet, and does notknow of the evil that is approaching. As for his illness, it hasbeen cured when Kino first found the pearl. In time, a little after Kino hears this evil music, the doctorarrives having already heard about the baby's miraculousrecovery. The doctor informs Kino of Coyotito's situation, andhow the illness will return. He then treats it with a smallremedy. Kino knows Coyotito is not sick, but accepts the doctorshelp to ensure his sons health. Already knowing the doctor'sexpectations in payment, Kino refuses to give up his pearl. Once the doctor leaves the house, Kino no longer hears theevil music that once played with his ears. Following thesymptoms that the doctor assumed, Coyotito becomes ill and lateron returns to his original state. From this scene, one can deduce that Kino's sense of evilcomes from music, and also that this is the form of writing thatJohn Steinbeck uses to introduce an evil pretense. In this scene,evil music is used as a form of descriptive writing, as it setsthe atmosphere for the event about to take place. It also addssuspense, as one may not know where and when the evil shallstrike. Steinbeck tries to emphasize the fact that thisphenomenon that Kino hears is similar to what one may consider asixth sense in modern times. Kino thus has the ability toanticipate evil before it actually appears in the plot. Music within the family is portrayed by a family prayer orsong. This is sung by most of the poor families of the village,as it has an emotional effect on family lifestyles. "Juana sang softly an ancient song that had only three notes andyet endless variety of interval. And this was part of the familysong too. It was all part. Sometimes it rose to an aching chordthat caught the throat saying this is safety, this is warmth,this is the Whole." At this point, Kino awakes as usual to hear sounds of thefamily song. Here, John Steinbeck brings across the point thatKino's family does this on a regular basis and that they considerit similar to a ritual. Steinbeck also stresses that the familymusic is what separates Kino's family from the other villagers. In this scene Kino also hears the sound of breakfast, pigs,and wives. These are all parts of music, but all belonging toother families in the village. The song clearly demonstrates thebond between Kino and his family's lives John Steinbeck uses music of the family as a belief, similarto how we believe in God, and pray to Him. Kino's family singsand believes in their unity, and that if their family was to fallapart, they would lose their point in life. The family uses theirsong as a form of motivation, something to strive for. Kinos mainpoint in life is to ensure a strong future for the family. The song coming from the pearl is similar to that of evil. Theonly difference is that it gives an illusion of good, rather thanthat of evil. "All of these things Kino saw in the lucent pearl and he said,`We will have new clothes'. And the music of the pearl rose likea chorus of trumpets in his ears. Then to the lovely gray surfaceof the pearl came the little things Kino wanted... His lips themmoved hesitantly over this?`A rifle', he said.`Perhaps a rifle'." From this quote, one can notice that as the song of the pearlcontinues, it grows stronger in Kino's head, slowly separatinghim from his family. John Steinbeck brings the song of the pearlto use by changing the needs

How to Use Indirect Quotations in Writing

How to Use Indirect Quotations in Writing In writing, an indirect quotation is a  paraphrase of someone elses words: It  reports on what a person said without using the exact words of the speaker. Its also called indirect discourse and  indirect speech. An indirect quotation (unlike a direct quotation) is not placed in quotation marks. For example: Dr. King said that he had a dream. The combination of a direct quotation and an indirect quotation is called a mixed quotation. For example:  King  melodiously praised the veterans of  creative suffering, urging them to continue the struggle. Examples and Observations Note: In the following quoted examples, we would normally use quotation marks because we are giving you examples and observations of indirect quotes from newspapers and books that we are directly quoting. To avoid confusion in addressing the subject of indirect quotes and also situations where you would be shifting between direct and indirect quotes, we have decided to forgo the extra quotation marks. It was Jean Shepherd, I believe, who said that after three weeks in chemistry he was six months behind the class.(Baker, Russell. The Cruelest Month. New York Times, Sept. 21, 1980.) U.S. Navy Admiral William Fallon, commander of the U.S. Pacific Command said he called Chinese counterparts to discuss North Koreas missile tests, for example, and got a written response that said, in essence, Thanks, but no thanks.(Scott, Alwyn. U.S. May Slap China With Suit in Intellectual-Property Dispute. The Seattle Times, July 10, 2006.) In his order yesterday, Judge Sand said, in effect, that if the city was willing to offer incentives to developers of luxury housing, commercial centers, shopping malls, and executive parks, it should also be assisting housing for minority group members.(Feron, James. Citing Bias Order, U.S. Curbs Yonkers on Aid to Builders. The New York Times, Nov. 20, 1987.) Advantages of Indirect Quotations Indirect discourse is an excellent way to say what someone said and avoid the matter of verbatim quoting altogether. It is hard to be uncomfortable with indirect discourse. If a quote is something like Ill be there prepared for anything, at the first hint of dawn, and you think, for any reason, that it might not be in the verbatim zone, get rid of the quotation marks and state it in indirect discourse (improving the logic while youre at it). She said she would be there at the first hint of dawn, prepared for anything. (McPhee, John. Elicitation. The New Yorker, April 7, 2014.) Shifting From Direct to Indirect Quotations An indirect quotation reports someones words without quoting word for word: Annabelle said that she is a Virgo. A direct quotation presents the exact words of a speaker or writer, set off with quotation marks: Annabelle said, I am a Virgo. Unannounced shifts from indirect to direct quotations are distracting and confusing, especially when the writer fails to insert the necessary quotation marks. (Hacker, Diane. The Bedford Handbook, 6th ed., Bedford/St. Martins, 2002.) Mixed Quotation There are many reasons why we might opt to mixed quote another rather than directly or indirectly quote him. We often mixed quote another because (i) the reported utterance is too long to directly quote, but the reporter wants to ensure accuracy on certain key passages, (ii) certain passages in the original utterance were particularly well put ..., (iii) perhaps the words used by the original speaker were (potentially) offensive to an audience and the speaker wants to distance himself from them by indicating that they are the words of the individual being reported and not his own ..., and (iv) the expressions being mixed quoted might be ungrammatical or a solecism and the speaker might be trying to indicate that hes not responsible . ...(Johnson, Michael and Ernie Lepore. Misrepresenting Misrepresentation, Understanding Quotation, ed. by Elke Brendel, Jorg Meibauer, and Markus Steinbach, Walter de Gruyter, 2011.) The Writers Role In indirect speech, the reporter is free to introduce information about the reported speech event from his point of view and on the basis of his knowledge about the world, as he does not purport to give the actual words that were uttered by the original speaker(s) or that his report is restricted to what was actually said. Indirect speech is the speech of the reporter, its pivot is in the speech situation of the report.(Coulmas, Florian. Direct and Indirect Speech, Mouton de Gruyter, 1986.)

Maintenance Strategy Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Maintenance Strategy - Math Problem Example As the paper outlines, mÐ °ny Ð ¾f the bÐ °tÃ' h reÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾rÃ'• Ð °re Ã'•emibÐ °tÃ' h (Ð °lÃ'•Ð ¾ Ã' Ã °lled fedbÐ °tÃ' h) reÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾rÃ'• in whiÃ' h Ð °n initiÐ °l Ð °mÐ ¾unt Ð ¾f mÐ °teriÐ °l iÃ'• Ã'€lÐ °Ã' ed in the reÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾r, the liquid iÃ'• heÐ °ted tÐ ¾ the deÃ'•ired temÃ'€erÐ °ture, Ð °nd then Ð °dditiÐ ¾nÐ °l feed Ð ¾f freÃ'•h reÐ °Ã' tÐ °nt iÃ'• grÐ °duÐ °lly Ð °dded tÐ ¾ the veÃ'•Ã'•el. ОÃ'€timÐ °l Ã' Ã ¾ntrÐ ¾l theÐ ¾ry hÐ °Ã'• has been widely uÃ'•ed tÐ ¾ derive Ð ¾Ã'€erÐ °tiÐ ¾n Ã'€Ð ¾liÃ' ieÃ'• fÐ ¾r bÐ °tÃ' h reÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾rÃ'• (FiliÃ'€Ã'€i-BÐ ¾Ã'•Ã'•y et Ð °l., 1989). MÐ °ny Ã'€Ð °Ã'€erÃ'• hÐ °ve been Ã'€ubliÃ'•hed where different Ð ¾Ã'€timÐ °l Ã' Ã ¾ntrÐ ¾l deÃ'•ignÃ'• Ð °re exÃ'€lÐ ¾red, rÐ °nging frÐ ¾m reÃ' urrent neurÐ °l netwÐ ¾rk mÐ ¾delÃ'• (XiÐ ¾ng Ð °nd ZhÐ °ng, 2005) tÐ ¾ Ð ¾n-line dynÐ °miÃ'  Ð ¾Ã'€timizÐ °tiÐ ¾n (Ð rÃ'€Ð ¾rnwiÃ' hÐ °nÐ ¾Ã'€ et Ð °l., 2005). The intereÃ'•ted reÐ °der iÃ'• referred tÐ ¾ the reÃ' ent Ã'•urvey by Ð…metÃ'• et Ð °l., 2004 I.Y. Ð…metÃ'•, J.E. Ð ¡lÐ °eÃ'•, E.J. NÐ ¾vember, G.Ð  . BÐ °Ã'•tin Ð °nd J.F. VÐ °n ImÃ'€e, ОÃ'€timÐ °l Ð °dÐ °Ã'€tive Ã' Ã ¾ntrÐ ¾l Ð ¾f (biÐ ¾)Ã' hemiÃ' Ã °l reÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾rÃ'•: Ã'€Ð °Ã'•t, Ã'€reÃ'•ent Ð °nd future, JÐ ¾urnÐ °l Ð ¾f Ð  rÐ ¾Ã' eÃ'•Ã'• Ð ¡Ã ¾ntrÐ ¾l 14 (2004), Ã'€Ã'€. 795–805. The fÐ ¾llÐ ¾wing nÐ ¾tÐ °tiÐ ¾n will be Ã' Ã ¾nÃ'•idered in the next Ã'•eÃ' tiÐ ¾nÃ'•: †¢ iÃ'• the veÃ' tÐ ¾r Ð ¾f Ã' Ã ¾nÃ' entrÐ °tiÐ ¾nÃ'• Ð ¾f the invÐ ¾lved Ã' hemiÃ' Ã °l Ã'•Ã'€eÃ' ieÃ'•. †¢iÃ'• the veÃ' tÐ ¾r Ð ¾f freÃ'•h feed Ã' Ã ¾nÃ' entrÐ °tiÐ ¾nÃ'•.†¢iÃ'• the reÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾r temÃ'€erÐ °ture.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢iÃ'• the freÃ'•h feed temÃ'€erÐ °ture.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢iÃ'• the reÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾r vÐ ¾lume.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢iÃ'• the freÃ'•h feed flÐ ¾wrÐ °te.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢iÃ'• the veÃ' tÐ ¾r Ð ¾f reÐ °Ã' tiÐ ¾n kinetiÃ' Ã'•.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢iÃ'• the Ã'•tÐ ¾iÃ' hiÐ ¾metriÃ'  mÐ °trix.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢iÃ'• Ð ° veÃ' tÐ ¾r relÐ °ted tÐ ¾ Ã' Ã ¾nÃ'•tÐ °nt reÐ °Ã' tiÐ ¾n enthÐ °lÃ'€ieÃ'•.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ÃŽ ³(Ã' ,T,t) iÃ'• the heÐ °t trÐ °nÃ'•fer Ã'€Ð °rÐ °meter.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢u iÃ'• the jÐ °Ã' ket temÃ'€erÐ °ture, whiÃ' h iÃ'• tÐ °ken Ð °Ã'• the Ã' Ã ¾ntrÐ ¾l inÃ'€ut.  In the Ã'•equel, the â€Å"bÐ °tÃ' h reÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾r† terminÐ ¾lÐ ¾gy will refer tÐ ¾ bÐ ¾th Ã'•triÃ' t bÐ °tÃ' h Ð °nd Ã'•emibÐ °tÃ' h reÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾rÃ'•. BÐ °tÃ' h reÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾rÃ'• in whiÃ' h m reÐ °Ã' tiÐ ¾nÃ'• tÐ °ke Ã'€lÐ °Ã' e invÐ ¾lving n (n>m) Ã' hemiÃ' Ã °l Ã'•Ã'€eÃ' ieÃ'•, Ð °re Ã' Ã ¾nÃ'•idered.

Changes in technology anticipated to change the pattern of pollutant Research Paper - 1

Changes in technology anticipated to change the pattern of pollutant emissions - Research Paper Example Man cannot altogether stop using fossil fuels but moves to decrease energy consumption by developing new technologies designed for energy efficiency is the best way to alleviate the state of the environment. New Technologies refer to both innovations in production or generation of energy and its actual use. Generation of energy from solar, wind, geothermal, tides and hydroelectric are, currently, being implemented and studied. The graph below shows that new technologies in the generation of energy from renewable resources delivers needed energy but emits less CO2 emissions. US-NASA predicts further decrease in CO2 emissions in the future. New technologies developed for actual use or consumption of energy seeks to maximize these renewable sources of energy in the three major areas of transportation; industrial energy usage; and, in commercial and residential buildings. This is clearly exemplified in the Modern Refrigerators and the introduction of Electronic Vehicles. The diagram below shows that the energy use per refrigerator decreased by two-thirds since the introduction of new energy efficient refrigerators. The continued study and development of refrigerator efficiency improvements has proven to be a success. The introduction of Electronic Vehicles according to the research by Micheal Wang, Mark DeLuchi and Daniel Sperling has the effects of lowering the emissions of HC, CO, NO, SO, and particulates. With continued use, they predict a significant reduction in California that will help major air basins in California meet national ambient air quality standards. It cannot be denied that new technologies decrease pollutant emissions. To be fully effective, according to study conducted by Amit Garg, P.R. Shukla, Debyani Ghosh, Manmohan Kapshe and Nair Rajesh, laws and governments must give full support to the endeavor. Garg A., Shukla P., Ghosh D., Kapshe M., & Rajesh N. Future Greenhouse Gas and Local Pollutant Emissions for India: Policy

The Competitive Advantages Of Effective Knowledge Management Commerce Essay

The Competitive Advantages Of Effective Knowledge Management Commerce Essay Today, the future and the value of a company depends on provide the new product and service quickly and timely in order to meet the needs that always change in the market. Thus, I believe that knowledge is the more importance factor than land or capitals to create a competitive advantage for enterprises. And now, this essay will discuss more about the value of managing knowledge and some competitive advantages that can be created through knowledge management in the company. Then, I would like to discuss about the In addition, this essay is also talk about the leadership and managerial skills in the organization by implementing successfully KM. DISCUSSION ABOUT THE KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT: Data, Information, Knowledge: Nowadays, we are living in an age of information that we can find easy through television, internet, magazines etc. But not all information is reliable. Transforming information into knowledge within the organization is an advantage. However, not all managers have able to do it. Thus, the first thing I want to discuss about the difference between data, information and knowledge in order to transform raw data into meaningful information. Data is the raw material. It can be a set of discrete facts and exist in any form such as number, symbols, imaging etc. Data represents unorganized and unprocessed facts. Data is transformed into information by adding value through context, sorting, calculating, analysis and evaluation. Information can be considered as a processed data. Data and information are everywhere but knowledge is hard to get. You need information in order to get knowledge. However, knowledge is not information. Information is only becomes knowledge when you have able to realize and understand specific purpose of it. Knowledge is usually come from learning, thinking or taking experiences in a particular area. Knowledge has two types: Explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge. Explicit knowledge is the visible knowledge. You can find them easily through book, documents, reports, films, magazines, etc. The explicit knowledge is easily transferable. In contrast, tacit knowledge is the knowledge that put in your mind. Simply, tacit knowledge is the personal experience, skills and hard to transferable. For example: Each pastry cook can made Tiramisu cake with different flavors, although all of them use with the same Tiramisu Cake recipe. Some cake are delicious, some cake are bad. Because skilled pastry cook has not shown own experiences in recipe. May be, they can add some special ingredients to make their cakes with good flavorful. This is the tacit knowledge. They did not share their experiences as well as knowledge for everyone. I think this is the importance aspect in the organization. The managers must look for ways to employees can share tacit knowledge together in a particular sector. Tha ts also the objective of knowledge management. Knowledge management: Knowledge Management (KM) can be defined as the logical process that helps people to use knowledge effectively and efficiently. Knowledge management is the process the company uses to measure the value of the intellectual value of each employee in the company. Moreover, it is the process used to evaluate and track key metrics associated with the organization of intellectual property can be used to create better services, products and value to shareholders of the corporation. There are many different knowledge management life cycles. They are made by Wiig (Wiig Knoeldge management cycle 1993), Zack (Zack Knowledge Management Cycle 1996), Nickols (Nickols Knowledge Management Cycle 1999), McElroy (McElroy Knowledge Management Cycle 1999), Rollet (Rollet Knowledge Management Cycle 2003), Bukowitz Williams (BW Knowledge management cycle 20003). Actually, they have some common steps and meaning. However, each cycle has its own characteristic. Look at the table below for comparison. Nickols (1999) Wigg (1993) McElroy (1999) Rollet (2003) Bukowitz Williams (2003) Zack (1996) Acquisition Creation Individual and group learning Planning Get Acquisition Organization Sourcing Knowledge claim validation Creation Use Refinement Specialization Complication Information acquisition Integrating Learn Distribution Store/ access Transformation Knowledge validation Organizing Contribute Presentation Retrieve Dissemination Knowledge Integration Transferring Assess Distribution Application Maintaining Build/ sustain Conservation Value realization Assessing Divest Source: Adapted from Kimiz Dalkir, Knowledge Management in Theory and Practice (Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth, 2005), pp. 27. Competitive advantages: Although there are many different perspectives on knowledge management, however the general objective of knowledge management is look for ways to employees share and learn knowledge as well as experiences together. Thats not only help employees improve the expertise knowledge, but also the knowledge management can create the competitive advantages and enhance value for enterprises. As you know, human resource is the valuable asset in organization. If the organization can use this resource effectively, organization will become very strong. Knowledge management can give all the employees in organization many opportunities to show ideas and innovation. Therefore, organization can have more opportunities and advantages than competitors. The employees can share expertise knowledge, experiences or passion together. Thats also make all of the employees in organization more closer and understand  each other  better In addition, transforming from tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge is not only help improve expertise knowledge of employees, but also help the organization have enough capable of responding promptly to the change in personnel. And now, I would like to give you a reality example as well as an incident by not applying knowledge management in organization.   It occurred in my familys restaurant in three years ago. When my manager intends to open a restaurant of his own, he has left the restaurant. The important thing, he has taken away all the experience, the trade secret and a lot of good employees and the relationships. Then he became a competitor with my restaurant. During that period, my restaurant encountered a lot of trouble and business performance decreased seriously. Another example, at Tam Viet Group in 2007, a vice president has left the company and he established an own company to direct competitive with the Tam Viet. By applying knowledge management, all these knowle dge such as customer relationships, unfinished projects, etc. were acquired and stored by all other employees. Therefore, Tam Vietnamese were not affected. Additionally, Knowledge management can also give to the enterprise with high adaptability in the rapidly changing marketplace. The competitors are always updates their products and services better to meet the demand of customer. Therefore, most of the successful enterprises are always catch information and transfer them rapidly. By applying the knowledge management, the enterprises can easily compete with other competitors. The organization can launch new products with the higher quality than competitors at the same cost. The employees can save time through making decision or solving the problems quickly and exactly. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ON SUPPORTING MANAGERIAL PRACTICES: Similar to those competitive advantages that I mentioned above, knowledge management can help manager so much in practices. Firstly, the employees have a freely environment to performance themselves. The employees can share and learn knowledge, experiences, idea together. Therefore, the manager can collects and exploits tacit knowledge or innovation in order to enhance competitor advantage for the organization. Additionally, KM can help manager make decision timely and exactly by capturing,  analyzing  and  conversing  of information logically. In addition, the manager will have enough response to device with changing of the marketplace as well as the human resources. Leadership and managerial skills: A manager needs to have a good leadership to change products, systems and people efficiency. A good leader must have capacity to accelerate the process to decide a matter and to make process work effectively and quickly. It is a difficult problem. A good manager should have more diverse skills in order to have enough capable of handling all of problems in the organization. The first skill is the information technology (IT) skill. I think this is the key For example: in my first internship at ACB bank, I can get information of customer trading history via CIC.org.vn website. You will save more time for get information of customer. Thats progress of technology. Thats also the reason the manager should have a good IT skill to support the management easier and faster. In the high technology age, a good manager should know to take advantage of technology to support for the management and sharing knowledge in the organization. If so, companies will have more competitive advantages than competitors. In addition, a manager should also build a trust and respect relationship with employees. Listening skill is also important. As a manager, you should build an open structure. I mean that you should gap of discrimination between superiors and subordinates. The subordinate can easily meet and express freely their opinions to you. Listening will help you clearly understand about your staffs in order to make decisions fairer and more accurate. Lets change the last skill that I want to discuss is the communication skill. In my opinion, communication is the most difficult and complicates skill of the manager. According to John Quincy Adams If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader. Its a great statement. A manager has to know create motivation for employees in order to they have enthusiasm and try their best to work. The motivation is not only based on the high salary, but also based on the workplace. A manager can adapts communities of practice (COP) program in the company. COP is considered as a group of people hold together by sharing the knowledge, experiences, ideas or something like that. COP program can provide a place for employees in particular areas or require employees work in team to share methods or tacit knowledge and mutual support. Thus, the employees can improve their knowledge; learn more about the experiences and more closer. Besides that, manager s hould also consider one of the challenges of communication, the different cultures. Especially is the multinational company. this is a new step to the understanding by employing individuals from various backgrounds, cultures and lifestyles. Perceptual, Cultural and language barriers are a challenge to be overcome when a company work in the global orientated environment. It affects team spirit, work efficiency, directly affect the business situation of the company. Moreover, it is the cause of lack of teamwork, morale low. The different culture can affect a company and its success in variety of ways. CONCLUTION: In conclusion, the knowledge management is a new way to develop your company in the future. From the very beginning, the essay discussed some basic concept of the knowledge management for you. As you can see the next part talked about the competitive advantages that the company can take from KM. There are so many, for example: using human resource effectively, transferring from tacit knowledge to deficit knowledge, etc. Moreover, the knowledge management will help the managers in many ways. And, of course, the managers have to learn and develop his/her skills to managing knowledge. There are some basic skills that a manager should have are listening skills, IT skills, etc. In the knowledge economy, knowledge management has more impacts on organizations. Applying knowledge management is considered as a key for success organization. The strong organization always has a good knowledge management. 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